What are the common spring materials?

The following are the common spring materials, and their properties.

Spring Material	Materials Specification	Density (lb/in)³	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 10⁶)	Modulus of Elasticity (E) (psi x 10⁶)	Modulus Torsion	Maximum Operating Temperature	Application
Beryllium Copper	ASTM B197	0.298	150-230	18.5	7.0	400 ^oF	Good corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and physical strength
Chrome Silicon	ASTM A401	0.284	235-300	30.0	11.5	475 ^oF	Shock loads and moderately elevated temperature
Chrome Vanadium	ASTM A231	0.284	190 -300	30.0	11.5	425 ^oF	Ideal for shock loads and moderately elevated temperature
Inconel Springs X 750	AMS 5698/5699	0.298	155- 230	31.0	12.0	750 ^oF – 1100 ^oF	Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperatures
Music Wire Springs	ASTM A228	0.284	230-399	30.0	12 ( up to 0.100ʺ) 11.75 ( over 0.100 ʺ)	250 ^oF	Excellent surface finish
Phosphor Bronze	ASTM B159	0.320	105-145	15.0	6.25	200 ^oF	Cold drawn. Good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance
Stainless Steel Springs 316	ASTM A313	0.286	110 – 245	28.0	10.0	550 ^oF	Better corrosion and heat resistance than 302
Stainless Steel 302/304	ASTM A313	0.286	125-325	28.0	10.0	550 ^oF	Cold drawn. General purpose heat and corrosion resistance
Stainless Steel 17-7 PH	AMS 5678	0.282	235-335	29.5	11.0	650 ^oF	High strength. General purpose corrosion resistance